Aneurin had a stammer as a child which he would later overcome and be recognised as a great public speaker. Bevan had been inspired by the Tredegar Medical Aid Society in his hometown, where residents would pay a subscription that would fund access for all of the town's inhabitants to have free access to medical services such as nursing or dental care. In 1955, he stood as one of the candidates for party leader but was defeated by Hugh Gaitskell. David Bevan was born in Tredegar but his family had originally hailed from Carmarthenshire, and he followed his own father into the mines, starting work at 5:30am each day and returning home late in the evening. full audio of Bevan's speech at the 4 November 1956 Trafalgar Square rally against British action in Suez. Conway is in the middle of the picture. He wasn't cut out to be a leader, he was cut out to be a prophet". Read more. Aneurin Bevan and the setting up of the NHS - BBC Bitesize [72], Substantial bombing damage, with over 700,000 homes needing repair in London alone,[74] and the continued existence of pre-war slums in many parts of the country made the task of housing reform particularly challenging for Bevan. He is known for leading the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) to give medical care free at point-of-need to all Britons. His wage of 5 a week was paid by the members of the local Miners' Lodge. At the age of 13, in his last months of schooling, he worked as a butcher's boy at a local store. His contribution to the Welfare State has been immense. This was after he had won a seat on the Monmouthshire County Council in 1928. At an early age of only 19 years, he became a trade union activist and headed the local miners lodge after joining the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miner Federation. Additionally, he was a brilliant spontaneous debater and a colorful public personality. [63] Having been a member of the Cottage Hospital Management Committee around 1928 and serving as chairman in 192930, Bevan had received an insight into the management of health services by local authorities, which proved to be a bedrock of his work in founding the National Health Service.[48]. Read more. He knelt reverently in respect to a friend or friend's faith, but he never pretended to be anything other than what he was, a humanist. [95] According to The Times Literary Supplement, the book was a "dithyramb with meanderings into the many side-tracks of Mr Bevan's private and public experience". Pronunciation of Aneurin Bevan: Learn how to pronounce the word Aneurin Bevan.Definition and meaning can be found here: https://www.google.com/search?q=defin. Aneurin Bevan was a British Labour Party politician who took up the portfolio of Health and Housing during Clement Attlee's government from 1945 to 1951. We can't allow OUR NHS, built on the working class medical society model to fall to corporate greed. Bevan was also limited due to his desire for new homes to be bigger and of better quality than the ones they were being built to replace, based on the recommendations of a 1943 report by the Dudley Committee, and a shortage of skilled workers to undertake the work. [9] The miners remained on strike for six months. In 1987, a bronze statue of Bevan was erected in the city centre of Cardiff, while the Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone, which represents Bevan. Bevan accused the government of a "policy of bankruptcy and despair",[111] stating at the Trafalgar rally: We are stronger than Egypt but there are other countries stronger than us. KS2 All About Aneurin Bevan PowerPoint (teacher made) - Twinkl Aneurin Bevan was born on 15th November 1897 in Tredegar, Monmouthshire (now in Blaenau Gwent). In his political career, Bevan served as a minister of health in Clement Attlees Labor government of 1945, he was responsible for developing housing programs and for establishing the National Health Service. In Parliament, he became a vocal critic of numerous other politicians from all parties, particularly Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George. Aneurin Nye Bevan (1897-1960) is widely regarded as one of the most influential left-wing politicians in British history. However, by the end of his tenure, he had declared Bevan as "the best minister we have had". [32][33] Bevan and another expelled MP, George Strauss, appealed against the decision. He was convinced that. In his biography of Bevan, John Campbell wrote, "Bevan's impetuous temperament, undiplomatic tone and reputation as an extreme left-winger combined to make the Foreign Office seem the last place a prudent Prime Minister would think of putting him at any time. In 1951, Bevan was moved to become minister of labour. C. 1924. He was elected head of his Miners' Lodge when aged 19, where he frequently railed against management. Therefore I say to Anthony, I say to the British government, there is no count at all upon which they can be defended.They have besmirched the name of Britain. [132] In 2002, Bevan was voted as the 45th greatest Briton of all time by the BBC public opinion poll, 100 Greatest Britons. [42] He emphasised that the government had no arguments to persuade young men to fight "except merely in another squalid attempt to defend themselves against the redistribution of international swag". His influence waned after his departure, although a left-wing group (not under his control) within the party became known as "Bevanites". He was called up for service during the First World War, and was briefly arrested when his sister Blodwen burnt his conscription papers and he failed to report for duty. It was one of a long row of four-roomed miners' cottages. Along with this, the Medical Practices Committee was to oversee the distribution of GP practices a proposal which the previous Coalition Minister had withdrawn after opposition from the British Medical Association. Aneurin Bevan was born on 15 November 1897 in Tredegar in Wales. Later today he will be taken home to Wales. [121] In May 1960 Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, while in England visited Bevan at his home in Asheridge Farm (where Bevan was a keen amateur farmer, keeping cattle and pigs).[122]. How To Say Aneurin Bevan - YouTube [45] Bevan also feared that allowing Churchill to continue unopposed and unchallenged in Parliament during the war would leave him almost unbeatable for the Labour Party in future elections. Bevan's death in 1960 led to "an outpouring of national mourning". What does Aneurin Bevan's legacy mean today? - Cardiff University BBC Wales documentary, originally aired December 18th 2012.Aneurin Bevan (pronounced /narn/; Welsh: [an.rin]; 15 November 1897 - 6 July 1960), often k. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aneurin-Bevan, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Aneurin Bevan, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Aneurin Bevan. Icon of 1960s Britain: Who Was Mary Quant? It was Aneurin Bevan, the Minister of Health in the UK from 1945 to 1951, who started the NHS in 1948. "Oratory in Political Life,", This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:25. Aneurin "Nye" Bevan was a Welsh politician born on November 15, 1897. To achieve mastery as a speaker, he had first to overcome a speech impediment. Bevan foresaw that it would always be the subject of public debate, warning that "This service must always be changing, growing and improving; it must always appear to be inadequate." After two years at Central Labour College, London, he entered politics and in 1929 was elected to the House of Commons as Labour member from Ebbw Vale. He was no calculating machine. In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division. Aneurin Bevan | Encyclopedia.com The facts, figures and quotes that shaped the history of the National Health Service . While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Despite his conflict with Attlee, Bevan was instrumental in developing a program that oversaw the building of 850,000 new homes between 1945 and 1950, which were good quality houses, owned by local councils and rented out to people at affordable prices. There is a man in the British Army who flung 150,000 men across the Ebro in Spain, Michael Dunbar. [102], In March 1955, when Britain was preparing for Operation Grapple, the testing of its first hydrogen bomb, Bevan led a revolt of 57 Labour MPs and abstained on a key vote. [60] He earned a rebuke from Attlee, but Bevan contended that his Welsh mining constituency did not send him to Parliament to "dress up", and he declined to wear formal attire at further Buckingham Palace functions. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. [82] It was later claimed that his words had cost Labour more than two million votes. Humanist Heritage: Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960) [6] He worked at the butcher's for several months before leaving school, instead working in the local Ty-Trist Colliery. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. He began attending fortnightly meetings of the local Plebs' League where he studied, among other things, Marxism. His father was a coal miner and his mother worked as a seamstress. In Parliament, Bevan argued that this was the logical outcome of the government's foreign policy. [40] Bevan now called unsuccessfully for a Popular Front against fascism under the leadership of the Labour Party, including even anti-fascist Tories. The pair went to work at Whitworth Colliery, but fell foul of management when Bevan refused to use cheaper second-hand timber as he deemed it unsafe. He joined the Labour Party and attended Central Labour College in London. He was born in Tredegar, Wales, on 15th November 1897. [100] In April 1954, Bevan resigned from the Parliamentary Labour Party, having been rebuked by Attlee after accusing the Labour leader of surrendering to American pressure over a proposed multi-national defence organisation in Asia and the Pacific. Bevan attended the local school, where he was deeply shy because of a severe stammer that he developed as a child. [127], Bevan's most significant legacy is the National Health Service. He was a strong critic of the arming policy the British government adopted during the rise of Hitler. In 1934,Aneurin BevanmarriedSocialist MP, Jennie Lee. Number 10, The Circle, was home to the Tredegar Medical Aid Society, which was used as a blueprint by Aneurin Bevan when he set up the National Health Service for the UK in 1948. When the strike started on 3 May 1926, Bevan soon emerged as one of the leaders of the South Wales miners. His autobiography, In Place of Fear, appeared in 1952, Aneurin Bevan. Bevan was born in Tredeger, Monmouthshire, a working-class mining town where some 90% of the workforce relied upon the local mines for employment. Aneurin Bevan and the setting up of the NHS The National Health Service. After an overwhelming victory for the Labour Party in the 1945 General Election,Aneurin Bevanwas appointed Minister for Health also responsible for housing by Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Inspired by the Tredger Medical Aid Society of South Wales, Bevan initiated the National Health Service (NHS), which was managed with public funds and aimed to provide free medical . [87] The Labour MP David Marquand has stated that the savings were introduced by Gaitskell simply to "impose his will" upon Bevan who he saw as a political rival. To achieve mastery as a speaker, he had first to overcome a speech impediment. On the 'appointed day', 5 July 1948, Bevan's National Health Service Act 1946 came into force. [51] He also voiced criticism of trade union leaders, which drew complaints from both the Miners' Federation and the Trades Union Congress. Despite Bevan's criticism of the new party leader, Gaitskell decided to appoint him as Shadow Colonial Secretary,[109] and then Shadow Foreign Secretary in 1956. He developed a severe stammer as a child and, according to his younger sister Myfanwy, became "a lonely chap", due to the need to shy away from the attention it brought him.[5]. Aneurin Bevan. Image Credit: Anenurin Bevan, Minister of Health, on the first day of the National Health Service, 5 July 1948 at Park Hospital, Davyhulme, near Manchester / Wikimedia Commons. Bevanism - Wikipedia With his posture in parliament, he gained great support from his constituents. Aneurin Bevan was a founding member of the Query Club in 1920 alongside his brother. Nonetheless, for the next few years, Bevan was at the centre of controversy within the party earning the nickname Nye the Rhetorician and ultimately gave his name to the partys more left-leaning radical wing, which included campaigning for nuclear disarmament. His work in the mines paid off as he gained sponsorship from the South Wales Miners Federation to study at Central Labour College in 1919. [15] Apart from a six-week period as a labourer for Tredegar Council, he did not find work until 1924 and his employer, the Bedwellty Colliery, closed down ten months later. Bevan's reputation as a hard-line socialist typically preceded him: Sir William Douglas, who served as Bevan's deputy in the Ministry of Health, had initially stated that he would "never work with a man like that". His father was a miner and the poor working class family in which Bevan grew up gave him first-hand experience of the problems of poverty and disease. You cannot collaborate, you cannot accept the logic of collaboration on a first class issue like rearmament, and at the same time evade the implications of collaboration all along the line when the occasion demands it.[38]. Photo by Lesbardd Wikimedia Commons. [11] Bevan remained at the college until 1921, attending at a time when a number of his contemporaries from South Wales, including Jim Griffiths, were also students at the college. [16][17] In 1926 he found work as a paid union official. Aneurin Bevan | Biography & Facts | Britannica Bevan was as critical of Nasserist Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956 as he was of the subsequent Anglo-French military response. He was the sixth of ten children born to Phoebe and David Bevan, of whom only eight survived infancy and only six to adulthood. Aneurin Bevan was born on November 15, 1897, in Tredegar, Monmouthshire in the South Wales Valleys. [111], Bevan dismayed many of his supporters when he suddenly reversed his opposition to nuclear weapons. The National Health Service was launched in 1948, and Bevan is quoted as saying, No society can legitimately call itself civilised if a sick person is denied medical aid because of a lack of means. [131], The Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones were erected at the beginning of the Sirhowy Valley Walk with three smaller stones (representing three towns of his constituency Ebbw Vale, Rhymney and Tredegar) surrounding a larger stone representing Bevan. A member of the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners Federation, Bevan was the head of his local Miners Lodge at just 19 years of age. A blue plaque was erected in 2015 by English Heritage at 23 Cliveden Place, Chelsea, London SW1W 8HD, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. [69][70] The removal of the criteria of "working class" from local authority housing provision was seen as a first step, widening access to the council housing that was becoming an ever larger part of the UK housing stock and which made up a majority of new homes built after the war. Like many other students of Bevans class, his formal education ended when he was 14 years of age when he began to work in the mines. Bevan shared a liberal ideology and was additionally a supporter of the Liberal party that had a change of ideology to socialism after reading Robert Blatchfords in the Clarion. When Labour supported the government's scheme with no such conditions, Bevan denounced Labour for imploring the people on recruiting platforms to put themselves under the leadership of their opponents. 'Father of the NHS': Who Was Aneurin Bevan? | History Hit This made him join the Independent Labour Party. Bevan was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1959, succeeding Griffiths. [93] In 1952 Bevan published In Place of Fear,[94] "the most widely read socialist book" of the period, according to a highly critical right-wing Labour MP Anthony Crosland. There was an outpouring of national mourning that followed his death, while the Daily Herald reported that some MPs were seen to be crying in Parliament. Bevan argues that the percentage of tax from personal incomes rose from 9% in 1938 to 15% in 1949. [7], Bevan became a well-known local orator and was seen by his employers, the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, as a troublemaker. History Hit Launches on Comcasts Entertainment Platforms in the US. Though described as an outstanding back-bench critic and an excellent debater, Bevan had long clashed with Attlee, even before being in his cabinet, because he thought he hadnt held the Tory party to account properly throughout World War Two. Shortly afterwards he resigned from the government in protest at the introduction of prescription charges for dental care and spectacles. [134][135] Numerous institutions bear Bevan's name, including the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, and Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan, a hospital located within his old Ebbw Vale constituency. The Aneurin Bevan, former Cross Inn, September 2018, This is a photo of the listed building number. Winston Churchill, the target of numerous diatribes from Bevan during his career, commented that Bevan was "one of the few members that I will sit still and listen to". Two of the key elements of Bevan's proposals were this nationalisation of the hospital services and the abolition of the sale and purchase of goodwill by general practitioners. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [103] Although unsuccessful in his bid, he did celebrate 25 years as the MP for Ebbw Vale. Aneurin Bevan was born on November 15, 1897, in Tredegar in Wales. [4] Aneurin Bevan attended Sirhowy Elementary School, where he achieved little. [61], The free National Health Service was paid for directly through public money. My history hero: Aneurin 'Nye' Bevan (1897-1960) The Birth of the NHS - July 5th 1948 | Nursing Times It was during this period that he became convinced by the ideas of socialism. After a Labour landslide victory in 1945, Clement Attlee appointed Bevan Minister of Health, with a remit that also covered housing, given the severe post-war shortage. They condemned millions of first-class people to semi-starvation. ], In 1951, with the retirement of Ernest Bevin, Bevan was a leading candidate for Foreign Secretary. [125] Jennie Lee explained in a letter to Michael Foot that Bevan had specifically chosen to have a non-religious funeral and not a Christian service, because he was a firm humanist. He wanted the war to be not just a fight against fascism but a war for socialism. Here you can learn about the life and work of Aneurin (Nye) Bevan (1897-1960), founder of Britain's National Health Service and one of the Labour movement's greatest orators and thinkers. From 1940 to 1945 he was editor of the independent Socialist Tribune. Bevan was the sort of principled politician we seem to lack these days. [102] In July of the same year, Bevan announced his intention to stand for election as the Treasurer of the Labour Party against Hugh Gaitskell. Bevan ended up in a fist fight with a group of miners who refused to strike over his rejection. [130] The Nye Bevan Estate in Clapton Park, Hackney, London, was named after Bevan, and was opened in October 1962 by his friend and biographer Michael Foot. Bevan called for the nationalisation of the coal industry and advocated the opening of a Second Front in Western Europe to help the Soviet Union in its fight with Germany. He won the seat easily and made it to parliament. 9 Necessary Facts about the NHS - Fact City Aneurin Bevan was born in Tredegar in 1897 into a large mining family and left school at 13 to work in the mine. [101] He later said that he had resigned his position to "call attention to the fact that their movement was in grave crisis", and stated his belief that he would have been party chairman by the following year if he had remained. [75][76][77] 1946 saw the completion of 55,600 new homes; this rose to 139,600 in 1947 and 227,600 in 1948. [115] Crossman later acknowledged that they had perjured themselves to do so.[116]. [47] His fierce opposition made him unpopular with some portions of the public at the time, his wife later described how the couple would frequently receive parcels filled with excrement at their home.[48]. As a result of this success, he was picked as the Labour Party candidate for Ebbw Vale, then easily held the seat in the 1929 General Election, receiving more than twice the number of votes as the Liberal candidate. [13], Bevan was one of the founding members of the "Query Club" with his brother Billy and Walter Conway. With less motivation for studies, he left school at age 13 to work at a local Ty- Trist Colliery. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was adept at construction and added several modern features when the family moved to 7 Charles Street, installing the first gas stove in the street, an inside toilet and running hot water. Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960) Atheism Healthcare Politics Social Reform He was a great humanist whose religion lay in loving his fellow men and trying to serve them. After the war, Bevan was chosen as the Minister of Health in Clement Attlee's new Labour government, becoming the youngest member of the cabinet at 47, with his remit also including housing. Indeed, these factors, exacerbated by post-war restrictions on the availability of building materials and skilled labour, collectively served to limit Bevan's achievements in this area. The former aimed to provide a uniform standard of consultant led care and expertise throughout the country and to replace the patchwork of voluntary and municipal hospitals which existed at that point. As exposure to the atmosphere reduces all mummies to instant dissolution, so war passes supreme judgment upon social systems that have outlived their vitality. When Attlee retired from the leadership in 1955, Bevan unsuccessfully contested the party leadership with Hugh Gaitskell, but was appointed Shadow Colonial Secretary and later Shadow Foreign Secretary. [107] He instead stood again for the role of party treasurer and was duly elected, beating George Brown.[108]. In 2004, more than 44 years after his death, he was voted first in a list of 100 Welsh Heroes, having been credited for his contribution to the founding of the welfare state in the UK. Contact, Facts are available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. After his resignation, Bevan served as Shadow Foreign Secretary from 1955 to 1959. [48][65] They threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to withhold their support just months before the launch of the service. Throughout World War II he was a vigorous critic of Winston Churchills coalition government but was equally critical of his own party. [12] Bevan resigned from his position two weeks later, stating both the proposed changes and the increase in military expenditure that necessitated the need for such proposals. In 2002, Bevan was voted the 45th greatest Briton of all time by a BBC public opinion poll. [34] Bevan was readmitted to the party on 20 December 1939,[35] after agreeing "to refrain from conducting or taking part in campaigns in opposition to the declared policy of the Party".[36][37]. Former Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan ended his Prime Ministers Questions two days after Bevans death with a tribute to him, describing him as a great personality and a great national figure. Reciting long passages by William Morris with the help of an elocution tutor, Bevan gradually began to overcome the stammer that he had since childhood. Some historians have questioned how influential the college was on his political development. Updates? If we accept the contention that the common enemy is Hitler and not the British capitalist class, then certainly Churchill is right. Labour Party deputy leader Herbert Morrison complained that Bevan's attack had backfired, for his words "did much more to make the Tories work and vote than Conservative Central Office could have done". [42], In August 1939 came the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between the Nazi and Soviet governments that shocked democratic governments around the world. [68], Conservative opposition of the National Health Service scheme feared that the sudden access to free health care would be overrun. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Portrait of Aneurin Bevan. FIGHT FOR OUR NHS free at the point of need for all. He went on to serve as shadow foreign secretary from 1956-59 and deputy leader of the Labour party from 1959-60. Why Did Shakespeare Paint Richard III as a Villain? Before entering Parliament, Bevan was involved in miner's union politics and was a leading figure in the 1926 general strike. Aneurin Bevan with his eye on the Ball. Aneurin Bevan was one of the most important ministers of the post-war Labour government and the chief architect of the National Health Service. With the support of the Miners' Federation, the case was judged as one of victimisation and the company was forced to re-employ him. When Winston Churchill said that the Labour Party should refrain from giving Adolf Hitler the impression that Britain was divided, Bevan rejected this as sinister: The fear of Hitler is to be used to frighten the workers of Britain into silence. Indeed, he was increasingly critical of his own party, and from 1940 to 1945 was the editor of the independent Socialist Tribune. Aneurin 'Nye' Bevan (1897-1960) was the Labour MP for Ebbw Vale in south Wales from 1929-60. Get out! The club intended to break the hold that the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company had on the town by becoming members of pivotal groups in the community. Why this is so it is not difficult to understand, if you view everything from the angle of a strictly individualistic competitive society. He would be studying economics, history, and politics for the next two years while in that school. Aneurin Bevan, byname Nye Bevan, (born November 15, 1897, Tredegar, Monmouthshire [now in Blaenau Gwent], Walesdied July 6, 1960, Chesham, Buckinghamshire), controversial figure in post-World War II British politics and one of the finest orators of the time. But seven decades after it was founded, a 2013 opinion poll conducted on behalf of British Future found that the NHS was more popular than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC, and the British Armed Forces. [18], In 1928, Bevan won a seat on Monmouthshire County Council in the Tredegar Central Division. 3. [5] Bevan also joined the Tredegar branch of the South Wales Miners' Federation and became a trade union activist: he was head of his local Miners' Lodge at 19 years of age. [84][85] During his tenure, he helped to secure a deal for railwaymen which provided them with a significant pay increase.
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