Explore the palaces of Gondar, the world-famous rock-hewn churches in Lalibela, and the sweeping plateaus of the Simien Mountains. Then get in touch, and let our expert team help craft the perfect itinerary for you. (9) Beta Merkurios (Church of Mercurius) Of these, the most impressive is Genna, the Ethiopian Orthodox version of Christmas. The church grounds are accessed via a descending trench and tunnel, which allow access to a sunken courtyard surrounding the building. Other threats include encroachment on the environment of the churches by new public and private construction, housing associated with the traditional village adjacent to the property, and from the infrastructure of tourism. The site Lalibela was originally called Roha, but it eventually took the name of King Lalibela, who ruled around 1200 C.E. Saint George, Patron Saint of Ethiopia - Horniman Museum and Gardens Two 800-year-old olive-wood boxes holds the churchs treasures believed to be carved by King Lalibela himself. Thoths Storm: New Evidence for Ancient Egyptians in Ireland? Around 20 kilometres outside Lalibela, the church pre-dates the more , Situated around 7km from central Lalibela, the Naakuto Laab Monastery is found inside a natural cavern in the highlands surrounding the town. The Church of Emmanuel at Lalibela, Ethiopia. Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela - UNESCO World Heritage Centre Why were these churches constructed? Constituting the major pilgrimage site for followers of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, its eleven churches are among the finest of Ethiopia's nearly 200 rock-hewn churches.. These blocks were further chiselled out, forming doors, windows, columns, various floors, roofs etc. Its beautiful interior decor includes colorful early frescoes depicting scenes from the Bible, and some intricately carved columns and arches. Lalibelas churches are unique in that they are hewn from a single piece of living rock. An Inspirational Courtesans Tale, Was Anne of Cleves Too Ugly for King Henry VIII? Ethiopia was one of the first countries to adopt Christianity, following the conversion of the Aksumite emperor Ezana in the 4th century. The female triploids must eat royal jelly to become fertile tetraploids (adds another chromosome) and rule the bee hive. Despite its relatively small size, Biete Mariam is the most sacred church for pilgrims (due to its dedication to the Virgin Mary) and also probably the oldest. Each issue of Biblical Archaeology Review features lavishly illustrated and easy-to-understand articles such as: Fascinating finds from the Hebrew Bible and New Testament periods, The latest scholarship by the world's greatest archaeologists and distinguished scholars, Stunning color photographs, informative maps, and diagrams, Reviews of the latest books on biblical archaeology, 45+ years of Biblical Archaeology Review, 20+ years of Bible Review online, providing critical interpretations of biblical texts. De kerken zijn gehouwen uit monolithische blokken, die vervolgens uitgebeiteld werden tot zich deuren, ramen, kolommen,vloeren en daken vormden. The site of the 11 churches covers about 62 acres. She also covers travel products and has written about everything from camping knives to climbing chalk. No special legal framework is provided to protect the Rock-Hewn Churches except the general law, Proclamation No. Unfortunately, this church is off-limits to women. Access to the grounds are via a descending trench and tunnel, that also allow access to a sunken courtyard which contains a small baptismal pool. How does Ethiopian Christianity differ from Western practice? A wonderful monastery that . DetailsTours Available: OnRecommended Visit: 3 HoursRestrictions: NoneAttraction Type: Archaeological Sites, Architecture, Churches, Historical, Scenery. Lalibela flourished after the decline of the Aksum Empire. Visiting Lalibela is to walk amongst a net of myths and legends. With 11 rock-hewn churches, Lalibela is understandably a place of pilgrimage for those in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Available from: https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/rock-hewn-churches-in-ethiopia, Selamta. To the one who designed & made these churches, Thank You! The 11 medieval monolithic cave churches of this 13th-century 'New Jerusalem' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village with circular-shaped dwellings. When young Saint Gebre Mesqel Lalibela was born into the Zagwe Dynasty in Ethiopia, the town of Lalibela was known as Roha. In the Church of Biet Golgotha, are replicas of the tomb of Christ, and of Adam, and the crib of the Nativity. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. They fashioned a simple yet exceptionally beautiful cruciform structure approximately 12 m high. Near the churches, the village of Lalibela has two storey round houses, constructed of local red stone, and known as the Lasta Tukuls. The names of the churches and their features are reminiscent of those in Jerusalem, such as the river Jordan, the church of Golgotha, and the Tomb of Adam. Step into the past and uncover the mysteries of Micronesias Nan Madol, one of the most ancient and enigmatic lost cities in the world. She was known for her intelligence, beauty, and powerful political acumen. 209/2000, which has also established the institution in charge, the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH). Unfortunately, the site is not wheelchair-accessible. The residents of Lalibela live simple, austere lives dominated by religious observance. Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/rock-hewn-churches-in-ethiopia, http://SecretsPinkKush.ZapperSoftware.com. They also built Petra, Gobekli Tepe, Puma Punku, Pyramids, Stonehenge, Anghor Wat, Mayan pyramids and many other megalithic structures that actually encirlce the globe. Jesus is not even mentioned by name in this article and is clearly not the subject matter. The exact date of Lalibela's rule is unknown, but numerous historians speculate that he reigned in the late 12th or early 13th century AD. Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. Some windows embellished with carved semi-palette cross motifs. Admission costs $50 per adult and $25 per child aged 9 to 13. Inspired by his vision, the king commissioned the project to build the Church of Saint George. Updates? I once again find myself spending way too The rock-cut churches are impressive at any time of year, although the October to March dry season is traditionally considered the most pleasant time to visit. Saint George is said to have died by decapitation. Tradition credits its construction to the Zagwe dynasty King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, who was a devout Orthodox Tewahedo Christian. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in ancient Greece? They are far superior to us, both physically and mentally. Church of St. George (Bete Giyorgis) The most famous of the edifices is the cross-shaped Church of St. George. It is the most famous and best preserved out of the group of eleven churches (all UNESCO World Heritage Sites) which remains the main pilgrimage place for Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. Top image: Unique monolithic rock-hewn Church of St George, Lalibela, Ethiopia. Two churches shoot bottle rockets at each others' bell towers in an unusual Easter celebration. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ethiopian Airlines offers direct flights to Lalibela from Addis, Gondar, Mekelle, and Aksum; and connecting flights from across the African continent. 11-12th century CE. Where Is the Land of ShebaArabia or Africa? 422 Church Of St George Ethiopia Premium High Res Photos - Getty Images Your government (Jews/Persians) does not want you to know of these facts. (5) Beta Mikael (Church of Michael) Generally, trenches were excavated in a rectangle, isolating a solid granite block. A couple of nights, Hike across electric landscapes of thick forests, Afro-alpine moorland, peaks and plateaus, and jungle thickets. Church of St. George - Lalibela's Incredible Masterpiece - Showsta The Church of St. George was the last, in chronological order, of the churches that are built in Lalibela; legend has it that, once the other churches were completed, Saint George appeared to King Lalibela riding his white horse and reproached him for having forgotten him and for not having built any church in his name. Around the same time, in 1187, Jerusalem was captured by the Muslim sultan Saladin, and religious conflict prevented Ethiopian Orthodox Christians from making pilgrimages to the Holy Land. Lalibela flourished after the decline of the Aksum Empire. House of Medhane Alem (Saviour of the World) is the largest church, 109 feet (33 metres) long, 77 feet (23 metres) wide, and 35 feet (10 metres) deep. The southeastern complex consists of: Inside the church, there is a curtain that shields the Holy of Holies and a priest displaying books and paintings to visitors. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Winner will be selected at random on 06/01/2023. The eleven solid rock churches, in the hills not far from the town, make Lalibela one of the holiest places in Ethiopia. It is one of Ethiopias most precious religious artifacts, and on Sundays, it is used to bless worshippers in need of healing. The ticket affords access to the entire complex (except for chapels or sanctuaries closed to the public). The church of St. George stands proud in a 25m by 25m wide pit that is carved out of solid volcanic rock. Lalibela is considered one of Ethiopias holiest destinations, and its churches are amongst the countrys top tourist attractions. You can travel by bus but be aware that journeys are typically long and uncomfortable (the trip from the capital, Addis Ababa, takes two full days). Held annually on January 7, the celebration sees tens of thousands of pilgrims flock to Lalibela to take part in candlelit vigils and to watch the priests perform the woreb, a musical representation of the birth of Christ. resources from the Roman Catholic Church Cutting Edge Celtic Tech - 2,300-year-old Scissors Still Sharp and Shiny! They were our ancient gods and are now our modern aliens. On entry, you'll be struck by the brightly coloured frescoes depicting the trials and tribulations of St George, circled by interweaving blue, gold and red patterns. The answers to these, and many more questions, are yet to be determined. It may determine a place in Eternity. Their building is attributed to King Lalibela who set out to construct in the 12th century a New Jerusalem, after Muslim conquests halted Christian pilgrimages to the holy Land. Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. Perfect example of a non sequitor! In under 10 days, discover some of Ethiopia's most important towns, each different from the last in so many ways., This trip packs in a myriad of history, culture and some of the best scenery in Africa. The churches were not constructed in a traditional way but rather were hewn from the living rock of monolithic blocks. [] Source: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/rock-hewn-chur… []. Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. as part of the Zagwe dynasty. It is among the best known and last built of the eleven churches in the Lalibela area, and has been referred to as the Eighth Wonder of the World. Plague, one of the deadliest diseases in human history, has a haunting legacy of mass sickness and destruction. The Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela. Available from: http://www.selamta.net/lalibela.htm, UNESCO. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. This contains a small baptismal pool, while its vertical walls have a number of caves that are used as basic housing for priests and as burial tombs. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. How long has monotheism (Judaism & Christianity) been practiced in Ethiopia? One group, surrounded by a trench 36 feet (11 metres) deep, includes House of Emmanuel, House of Mercurios, Abba Libanos, and House of Gabriel, all carved from a single rock hill. The Church of Saint George: A Holy Rock-Hewn Ethiopian Landmark The 11 stone churches built by Ethiopian King Lalibela is considered to be the Eighth Wonder of the World. Saint George is often depicted as a prominent military saint who is clothed in valiant armor. Many devout Christians believe that the stone churches of Lalibela are one of the truest and purest holy sites left in the modern world. House of Medhane Alem ("Saviour of the World") is the largest church, 109 feet (33 metres) long, 77 feet (23 metres) wide, and 35 feet (10 metres) deep. Where was the excavated stone and earth carried to? The Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela are still preserved in their natural settings. A sustainable tourism , Lalibela is one of Ethiopia's most popular destinations, and the selection of hotels has improved dramatically over the years. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. The stone masons then carefully chiseled away the church outline, shaping both the exterior and interior of the building as they went. What Is The Name Of The Church In Ethiopia That Was Carved Into The Bete Giyorgis is connected to the other sunken stone churches through a series of elaborate tunnels. The mythology continues, insisting that upon its completion the same angels visited the site, and blessed all those who were present. Credit:Dmitry Chulov / BigStockPhoto. In een bergachtig gebied in het hart van Ethiopi ongeveer 645 kilometer van Addis Abeba werden elf middeleeuwse monolithische kerken uitgehouwen uit de rotsen. The churches are interconnected by a maze of tunnels and walkways, with each church having a unique design and layout. Medieval Hygiene Might Have Been Better Than You Think, The Macuahuitl: An Aztec Warriors Lethal and Sacred Weapon (Video), What Did Ancient Egypt Really Look Like? The largest church, the house of Medhane, stands at a height of 10 meters (33 feet), and is 33 meters (108 feet) long and 22 meters (72 feet) wide. The remaining church, Bet Giorgis (St. George's Church), is situated on its own, a short distance from the other churches. John is a computer & electrical engineer with a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, a Read More. Lalibela is a high place of Ethiopian Christianity, still today a place of pilmigrage and devotion. just to inform you that th meaning of Gebere Meskel Lalibela is not as you discribed above. Church of Saint George Lalibela | Brilliant Ethiopia Beta Giyorgis (Church of St. George), view from above. Next we'll discuss the options, shortlist the best trips for you and present you our impartial recommendations. WebGL must be enable, Declaration of principles to promote international solidarity and cooperation to preserve World Heritage, Heritage Solutions for Sustainable Futures, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Central Africa World Heritage Forest Initiative (CAWHFI), Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage Programme for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP), UNESCO seriously concerned about the protection of World Heritage site of the Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (Ethiopia), Director of UNESCO Addis Ababa Office Discussed Conservation of the Rock-Hewn Churches of Labella with the Administration, New Episodes of Patrimonito's World Heritage Adventures available. Shaped like a Greek Orthodox cross, the Church of St George is perhaps the most famous of Lalibela's 11 churches. They do not want their existence known and they have been with us for around 12,000 years. Experience the core destinations north of Addis Ababa, then get right off the beaten, Experience the colourful Timket festival along the sweeping plateaus of rural Amhara on a community trek. Tacitus, Roman historian Whatever your budget, group size, length of stay, preferred activity or appetite for adventure, we can help. Each layer of the building have distinct motifs, leading to the roof which is covered in intersecting crosses that lie within a bigger Greek cross. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. What's more, you'll get to experience Ethiopian Christmas in Lalibela, one of the most extraordinary celebrations, Our community trekking routes are among our favourite experiences in Ethiopia. Download Full Size Image. much time both reading and posting comments. Carved out of solid volcanic rock the church stands in a 25m by 25m wide pit. UnusualPlaces.org is your guide to quirky, weird and beautiful places to visit around the world. The tetraploid humans are our queen bees, in essence. Lalibela is a high place of Ethiopian Christianity, still today a place of pilmigrage and devotion. Lalibela | History, Church, Cross, & Facts | Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Countless Christian pilgrims dressed in white have flocked to the Church of Saint George to pray and express their commitment to their unwavering Christian faith. The Church of Saint George, also referred to as Bete Giyorgis by the people of Lalibela, was the eleventh and final of the rock-hewn churches to be constructed in Lalibela. Criterion (i): All the eleven churches represent a unique artistic achievement, in their execution, size and the variety and boldness of their form. (4) Beta Danagel (Church of the Virgins) The churches were hewn out of solid rock from top to bottom, excavated externally and internally, and carved in different styles. Biete Golgotha Mikael is also home to the Selassie Chapel, which is said to contain the tomb of King Lalibela. published on 08 April 2019. During the fifth and sixth centuries, christianity thrived and would spread itself across the ancient world. Located in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, approximately 370 miles (600 kilometers) north of Addis Ababa, Lalibela sits at an elevation of 8,200 feet (2,500 meters). However, there are a few that stand out for one reason or another. Here is your ticket to join us as we discover more and more about the biblical world and its people. Expedition Claims Evidence of Queen of Sheba Found in Ethiopia, Pilgrims Progress to Byzantine Jerusalem. A number of the windows are embellished with carved semi-palette cross motifs, while the roof of the structure contains a sequence of Greek crosses in relief, one inside the other. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The church contains three west-facing doorways, nine blind lower level windows and twelve upper-row windows. Originally named Roha (Warwar), the historical and religious. Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela . Firstly, your expert guide will help you navigate the complexs churches, caves, and trenches, and will also provide a better understanding of its history and legends. There are several benefits to joining a tour. Saint George's Church, Lalibela - World History Encyclopedia Emperor Lalbela had most of the churches constructed in his capital, Roha, in the hope of replacing ancient Aksum as a city of Ethiopian preeminence. Was your comment perhaps intended for another article by this same author? It is one of the most sacred areas of the entire complex, and as such, closed to the public. The easiest option is to fly to Lalibela Airport (LLI) and take a taxi from there to the churches. These exceptional churches have been the focus of pilgrimage for Coptic Christians since the 12th century. The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela are some of the largest monolithic structures in the world. The drainage ditches were filled up with earth for several centuries, before being cleared in the 20th century, and have been disrupted by seismic activity. Canonical Old and New Testaments Inside, you can admire 800-year-old olivewood boxes whose carving is attributed to King Lalibela; and a 16th-century painting of St. George slaying the dragon. Temporary light-weight shelters have now been installed over some churches and these, while offering protection, impact on visual integrity. And, why were these remarkable buildings constructed in the first place? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St. By Hulivili (http://www.flickr.com/photos/hulivili/3966752048/) [CC-BY-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons, http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/bet-giyorgis-church.shtml, http://www.sacred-destinations.com/ethiopia/lalibela, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George,_Lalibela. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Lalibelas vision of Jerusalem included intricately carved stone churches that featured windows, columns, drainage ditches and catacombs. The association of the rock-hewn churches and the traditional vernacular circular houses, in the surrounding area, still demonstrate evidences of the ancient village layout. What information seems to be missing to you about the identity of King Lalibela? Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! Traditionally many devout Ethiopian Christians had been making pilgrimages to the Holy Land but by the time of Lalibela this practice had become dangerous or impossible due to Jerusalem being overrun by Muslims (Seracens/Sarrasins). (10) Beta Gabriel and Beta Rafael (the twin churches of Gabriel and Raphael). Home of Vissarion, the "Jesus of Siberia.". The church is located in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia, some 645 km from Addis Ababa, and what is interesting about the church, it is carved out of rock. Thousands of pilgrims, draped in white gowns, gather around the 13th century rock-hewn churches for an evening of celebration, reflection, and reverence., Any trip to northern Ethiopia is incomplete without a visit to Lalibela. Built over 800 years ago from massive basalt rocks, this lost city is nestled in the dense jungle and mangroves. What makes this church so interesting is that it exemplifies the ability for 12th century Christians to construct churches out of rocks below ground level so that the structures are able to be seen Spread across the room, these paintings lead all who visit through a spiritual rabbit hole, full of painted prophetic predictions based on the dream King Lalibela had all those years ago. together. I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put this short article I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins), From Pyramids to Temples: Discovering the 15 Most Ancient Buildings on Earth (Video), Lost City Revealed: The Mysteries of Nan Madol Uncovered (Video), Egyptian Authorities Push Back on Cleopatra Portrayal, 5 Pagan Traditions That Will Leave You Spellbound (Video), Submerged Secrets: Sunken Nabatean Temple Discovered Off Italian Coast, 1,200-Year-Old Viking Ship Burial Found in Supposedly Empty Mound, 10 Supernatural Powers from the Deities of World Mythology, 13th Century Magical Merlin Manuscript Shares Original Legend, Hidden in Plain Sight: The Pterodactyl of New Guinea, The Significance of the Sacred Seal of Solomon and its Symbols. It is known as Biete Ghiorgis, or the House of St. George. Located west of the other complexes, the finaland most famousrock-hewn church of Lalibela is (11) Beta Giyorgis (Church of St. George), which is featured in the article Where Is the Land of ShebaArabia or Africa? by Bar Kribus in the September/October 2016 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review. (Video), When Faith and Power Clash: How Christianity Divided the Roman Empire (Video), Medieval Maverick: Roger Bacon's Quest for Knowledge and Truth, The Life and Times of Mansa Musa: The Richest Man in History, Fathoming the Ruins of Yanmen Shan Mountain and the Biggest Cut Rocks in the World, Sacred Treasure Hunt: In Pursuit of the Elusive Ark of the Covenant (Video). Indeed, these are very basic and important questions which this article only partially addresses directly. One of the churches, the Bet Giorgis, was devoted to Saint George and, supposedly, the Saint overlooked the building of this church, directing its very construction. The Simien Mountains are one of Ethiopias most stunning destinations. The Church of Saint George is carved out of a single slab of stone embedded in the earth. Most were probably used as churches from the outset, but Biete Mercoreos and Biete Gabriel Rafael may formerly have been royal residences. Available from: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/18, World Monuments Fund. (1) Beta Madhane Alem (Church of the Savior of the World) The pagan traditions associated with it have survived through the centuries, with many still A large Viking burial mound found on the island of Karmy off Norways western coast was long thought to be empty. In your reference to the book Who was Jesus? why would you be so ill informed about the historical and human/divine Jesus? For several centuries, Aksum was the seat of religious and political power in Ethiopia. The 11 medieval monolithic cave churches of this 13th-century 'New Jerusalem' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village with circular-shaped dwellings. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Web Browser not supported for ESRI ArcGIS API version 4.10. The Church of Saint George ( Amharic: Bete Giyorgis) is one of eleven rock-hewn monolithic churches in Lalibela, a town in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. A management plan has not yet been established. by Nancy Carels. At night, the sky is ablaze with starlight in, A place of faith, festivals, mystery and legends that will engage your heart as much as your mind. Why Did So Many Ancient Egyptian Children Suffer Anemia? This makes Ethiopian Christianity as old as Roman Christianity, and it predates the conversion of most European nations by centuries. et al. Credit: Sylvainn / BigStockPhoto. Au cur de l'thiopie, dans une rgion montagneuse, les onze glises monolithes mdivales de cette nouvelle Jrusalem du XIIIe sicle ont t creuses et tailles mme le roc prs d'un village traditionnel aux maisons rondes. The holy city of Lalibela became a substitute for the holy places of Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and as such has had considerable influence on Ethiopian Christianity. In addition, we feature unusual hotels and restaurants. Was a May Day Attack by Pilgrims a Practice Run for a Massacre? Rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia . While many spectacular churches have been constructed in Ethiopia, perhaps the countrys most famous churches are the rock-hewn churches. King Lalibela is traditionally attributed as the builder of all the churches at the site. The tours below showcase just some of what is possible. Lugar sagrado de la cristiandad etope, Lalibela sigue siendo hoy en da un centro de devocin y peregrinacin. His name literally means, the bees recognize his sovereignty.. Even today, accomplishing this work using carbon steel tipped chisels & diamond blades would be remarkable.
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