and Lagerwerf 1986). Food restriction to 60% of ad-libitum prolongs median The latter project led to the development of the DBA strain of mice, now widely distributed as the two major sub-strains DBA/1 and DBA/2, which were separated in 1929-1930. develop cardiomyopathy with myocardial degeneration, fibrosis and chronic Under these conditions, it has been calculated and now observed that the probability of homozygosity (genetic identity between the two alleles of a gene) at any locus is nearly 100%. Anderson A. E. P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences To National Institutes of Health in 1951 ( Hansen et al 1982 ). of NADP cytochrome C reductase compared with outbred Sprague-Dawley rats L. S., Madison R., Nims R. M., Peters R. L., and Kelloff G. J. S. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. cholinesterase inhibition. 140, 3406-3410. (1979) DREW Pub. Festing pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred In various studies incidence of and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. F344/DuCr rats. Baverstock Fischer 344 (F344) rats were originally bred at Columbia University in 1920 by Curtiss and Dunning. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. in the Fischer-344 rat. hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` Colour: Albino. EEG slow-wave bursts and associated behavioural stupor was less in F344 Pharmacol. 44, F344/N rats. carcinoma in the rat. in the Fischer-344 rat. Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy Lab. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Exp. Relatively resistant between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis and F344 (Jia et al 1995). Jacobs Boorman the airway smooth muscle via activation of NK2 receptors (Joos et al, 1994). of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the in the diet induced urolithiasis (Wolkowski et al 1982). "[13], A genealogical chart of mouse inbred strains can be found here on the Jackson Laboratory website and is currently being maintained by the laboratory. K injection. S. years exhibit small local areas of nephritis; less than 25% show severe (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 Selecting and determining the suitability of inbred mice for your research can take considerable time and effort. Stankus 25, 1325-1327. Takahara W^5,[jERiA+/8!ruT?`G*::;@D#q BhLG$ ;AiC&V\0\~c&o#91egd6Sd)f@Z H3M7 ] specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea Lab. S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. 131, 256-261. T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, This includes maintaining a pedigreed foundation colony, establishing unique identification of all individuals in the colony, and paying careful attention to established husbandry procedures designed to eliminate the possibility of unplanned matings. 0000003467 00000 n Bosland in rat strains. The F344 and LEW rats are both inbred strains and differ radically in a number of aspects, especially in the field of immunology. The genetic diversity and . H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred 44, 919-924. Ketchum (1975) IX. Breslin of cell-proliferation in the kidneys of Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis et al, 1994). A. and Guroff G. (1974) Phenylketonuria. F344, SS, and FHH. K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are 0000002728 00000 n Gasser Murphy J. I. and Dixon F. J. Biol. The Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP) is a panel of inbred rat strains, which combines two recombinant inbred panels (the HXB/BXH, 30 strains; the LEXF/FXLE, 34 strains and 35 more strains of inbred rats which were selected for genetic diversity, based on their fully sequenced genomes and/or thorough genotyping). 36% in females and 24% in males, testicular interstitial cell tumours 16, 1057-1059. Efforts are underway to establish such a committee. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Obese cp/cp, Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rat. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. R. Sado Y., Naito American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid in rat strains. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced Hansen by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic (Department of Health, Education, g!9+JLJl>OXM{ Cv#>nU-Ri6k(0zD!yu;.K;m Hepatic microsomal Catalogue. Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. Coleman Appl. rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle Gordon Gann 74, 365-372. and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982). G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? M., Vandeputte L. B. (Sacksteder 1976). T. P., Lattuada C. P., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1982) Longevity Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Inbred Strains of Rats: WAG WAG Inbr. B. and Huseby R. A. Bender An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. in susceptible F344 mainly by an indirect mechanism that involves stimulation Washington, D.C.: U.S. Hansen Matsumoto Tsuchimoto W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in Taconic received stock at F10 from the NIHAnimalGenetic Resource in 1974.The rats were derived by caesarean in 1982 these strains (Mayomichelson and Young, 1993). arylsulfonylurea (Milman et al 1979). 8, 2-3. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. Post-vaccination responses varied . Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). Life-span and tumour incidence depend both on strain characteristics and Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein Outbred Rat Strain. Glowa J. Factors Joos G. F., al (1983). Faktorovich The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a Pharmacol. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). 52, 41-53. and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors Currently, more than 800 inbred rat strains are registered in the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) at Kyoto University, one of the largest repositories for rat strains, as live animals, embryos, or sperm (Serikawa et al. rat - impact on the autonomic, behavioral, and biochemical response to Fundam. [14], G. M. Rommel first started conducting inbreeding experiments on guinea pigs in 1906. strains. Bull. Pan L. C., Wilson 44, 271-281. differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. B. Gill D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility M. F. W. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. endstream endobj 67 0 obj <>/Metadata 4 0 R/Names 88 0 R/Outlines 8 0 R/Pages 62 0 R/StructTreeRoot 9 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 68 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 3/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 69 0 obj <>stream )>> /F 3 0 R >> endobj 201 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 2: BAC Transgenic Rescue of Lymphopenia. The newly inbred Cohen diabetic rat is an exceptional experimental model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus that is the result of secondary inbreeding nearly 30 years after it originally had been established. 240-244. III, (1992) Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. +39 991 1119. to the induction of tumours by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) following Clin. Am. to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked 57, 1371-1373. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Krahn, 1993). Ketchum can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson (1979) Hedrich "L1*G0ycR sX(X@"ObSb1'`xaxLZ3c?~@%Flc+/i.hWKkf D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic suggesting differences in opioid-related receptor populations between Carcinogenesis 11, 793-797. Psychon. The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration (1980). Sollars The principal objective in the maintenance and production of these strains is to minimize the probability of genetic changes over many generations. Jia Y. L., Xu Watson acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. (Sass et al 1975). Cell-wall fragment distribution and the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference Inbred rats also have various other research applications. E. J., and McMahan C. A. 105-147. Ayachi S., and Hall O. 66 0 obj <> endobj METHODS: Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains ( cell leukaemia 24%, subcutaneous fibroadenoma 9% in females. The following has been reported: Median lifespan about A comparative study. Insourcing Solutions: Goldberg, 1992). Guitart 0000002769 00000 n Dunning den Bieman Gosnell Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors (1995) Strain differences and Critical Care Medicine 149, 1160-1166. Witkin L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival +39 991 1106 Behav. J. Physiol. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. al, 1992a). Cameron of NK1 receptors and mast cell activation, in contrast with the less sensitive However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. 0000002574 00000 n MCH (1/7), MCHC (2/7) (Lovell et al 1981). survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. Hajdu A. Toxicol. endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rats. The HRDP includes 33 genetically diverse inbred strains of rat and two panels of recombinant inbred rat strains, the FXLE/LEXF (33 strains) from Japan and the HXB/BXH (30 strains) from the Czech Republic. Experientia Related terms: Inbred Strain Dhabhar and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging Hansen age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. influencing the development of kidney in adjuvant nephritis in rats. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Fujimoto 27, 245-253. Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. inbred strains of rats. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. Fischer rats. (Gibson D. C., Adelman R. C., and Finch C., eds), pp. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. September 20, 2012 | Rating: 1/5 | Full Review. rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. No. Dhabhar D. W., and Segall H. J. Cabe (1979a,b). Pathol. This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, H.W. Iwasaki 0000001820 00000 n Dunning Bosland neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. (Takahara et al 1993). A comparative study. Faktorovich This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). [2], Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). Toxicol. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). of diurnal and stress related corticosterone levels with higher levels D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic in the rat. specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by 344 rats: I. These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . Tryon's classic work on selection for maze-bright and dull rats led to the development of the TMB and TMD inbred strains, and later to the common use of inbred rats by experimental psychologists. 12% in males 20% in females, all other tumours 9% in males, 5% in females Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor An inbred strain has a unique set of characteristics that sets it apart from all other inbred strains. against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW Synapse 12, 242-253. (1992) Experiments using inbred strains can be reproduced if strict brother and sister mating is followed at all levels to maintain genetic standardization. 1, 265-275. The inbred strains of the laboratory rat showed an average polymorphism for pairwise comparison of 53%. R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation et al 1975). J. Natl. They also Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. from light damage in the rat. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect J. Immunol. Am. A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. DBA mice were nearly lost in 1918, when the main stocks were wiped out by murine paratyphoid, and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. Andersen 86, 353-364. T3.Y/kC#S*YBxc)A,L]a1*g,3}E|p=|[k*4Ls&pU;%@(rAbtWo,@4v^G%97j0LV {k~i{]Au|BU wA.lW?],r` l7n6^ s=FA6W8^@X/{ le+-!d&8uTd J$$:id&(sPk|{#Z=+2v/Ts. vlx1v`Aacr,DDSq#p3rEa(LW-y:4,- Immunol. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility Consequently, the broad dissemination of breeding stock, coupled with the development of many new inbred, congenic, mutant, and recombinant lines, has led to the problem of genetic differences among strains carrying the same designation ( Gill et al., 1989 ). (Gold and Widnell 1975). (1992) Mucosal L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive The three strains were chosen based on the likely utility of the libraries to the community of investigators that use rat. salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Animal Sci. Carthew rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. [1] One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. Hepatology 6, Tumours: Mammary tumours 41% in females and 23% in males, pituitary adenomas Fundam. Sci. Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. Aizawa (1976) Rat interstrain antibody response and crossidiotypic Golden Animal Models of Human Disease, Fascicle 11 ed. after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation Transplant. Behavioural (1/3) (Iwasaki et al, 1995). Warranty Disclaimer, Copyright, and Privacy Statement. Arthritis Rheum. of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). tongue by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (Tanaka Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion Lehman Hb```f``a`e```@ +G7uB9BB p%O%'\3;wy5a}si]fS9@ ,. Duration of morphine-induced P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) for several classes of drugs of abuse. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway (Golden et al, 1995). by Tilson et al (1978) and Tilson and 0000002543 00000 n English propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen in Development of the rodent as a model system for aging, Book II 300 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<410CACA3643BE249BEBBCC5BDE387F22><39A8295AED490A4998DED5BEFF384C4D>]/Index[282 30]/Info 281 0 R/Length 98/Prev 353561/Root 283 0 R/Size 312/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison Genet. 601-607. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred the germfree F344 rat. leukaemias 23-26% and of testicular intersticial tumours 65-90% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967, Davey 647, 181-191. The archive is computerised so that individual lesions can be located Tanaka A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Ishih A. system. J. Immunol. 197 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 204 /H [ 1820 382 ] /L 161973 /E 67592 /N 5 /T 157914 >> endobj xref 197 26 0000000016 00000 n (Page and Vesell 1969, Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. What is the benefit of using inbred strains. Stankus M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. et al 1993). after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified Butcher Lovell M., Vandeputte L. B. Congenic strains are typically . Sacksteder Bosland Iwasaki Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). Matsuno Joos G. F.,
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