Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Privacy policy | Terms of Use & Disclaimer | Contact | Advertise | Site map 2021 www.traditionaloven.com, from Liters per minute into Standard cu-ft in gas per hour, Liters per minute into Standard cu-ft in gas per hour, flow rate from Standard cubic feet of gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) to Liters per minute (L/min). 0000014788 00000 n used to calculate the flow capacity when using a liquid other than water or a gas other than air at STP conditions. Is there a generic term for these trajectories? Standard flow, Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute, (SCCM) . It is the EQUAL gas flow value of 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour but in the Liters per minute flow rate unit alternative. Can I use my Coinbase address to receive bitcoin? Problem is, different industries use 15 C, 60 F, 20 C, 75F, 25 C, and possibly others. For a whole set of multiple units for volume and mass flow on one page, try the Multi-Unit converter tool which has built in all flowing rate unit-variations. For a whole set of multiple units for volume and mass flow on one page, try the Multi-Unit converter tool which has built in all flowing rate unit-variations. 2. for conversion factors between unit pairs. * Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8)* Precision is how many digits after decimal point (1 - 9). 337 28 Privacy policy | Terms of Use & Disclaimer | Contact | Advertise | Site map 2021 www.traditionaloven.com, from Liters per hour into Standard cu-ft in gas per hour, Liters per hour into Standard cu-ft in gas per hour, flow rate from Standard cubic feet of gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) to Liters per hour (L/h). 1 Liter per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 2.12 SCFH at 59F, 2 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 4.24 SCFH at 59F, 3 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 6.36 SCFH at 59F, 4 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 8.48 SCFH at 59F, 5 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 10.59 SCFH at 59F, 6 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 12.71 SCFH at 59F, 7 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 14.83 SCFH at 59F, 8 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 16.95 SCFH at 59F, 9 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 19.07 SCFH at 59F, 10 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 21.19 SCFH at 59F, 11 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 23.31 SCFH at 59F, 12 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 25.43 SCFH at 59F, 13 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 27.55 SCFH at 59F, 14 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 29.66 SCFH at 59F, 15 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour = 31.78 SCFH at 59F, Category: main menu flow rate menu Liters per minute. %%EOF HWm7+v+kH+MzAC( diq==Fcg<3,>9ytWnnv|g)!%#a;` 1 ;a$`+F6N8Y[^#c#"x#oAo)~oj5*!=EA%kTO:K@M](|A'x$itY(QF= Ff0X]{Y39#NIFqp}@nk"`tMTBD{| &8rQML_Ah,-u{BBhsop0]GU suitable for gas service have a capacity rating based on air at STP (70F, 14.7 PSIA) conditions. High Accuracy Stainless Steel Variable Area Flow Meters. Unless you know which standard temperature, SCFM is basically . Flow Rate Unit Converter - Sigma-Aldrich forum. 1 Cubic foot per hour is approximately 0.000 007 865 790 72 cubic meters per second. 2009-2023, https://www.kylesconverter.com/flow/liters-per-minute-to-cubic-feet-per-hour, Liters Per Minute to Cubic inches per second, Liters Per Minute to Cubic Meters per Day, Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet per Minute, Liters Per Minute to Cubic Meters per Hour, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, 1 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 2.1189, 70 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 148.3216, 2 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 4.2378, 80 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 169.5104, 3 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 6.3566, 90 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 190.6992, 4 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 8.4755, 100 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 211.888, 5 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 10.5944, 200 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 423.776, 6 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 12.7133, 300 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 635.664, 7 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 14.8322, 400 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 847.552, 8 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 16.951, 500 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 1059.44, 9 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 19.0699, 600 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 1271.328, 10 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 21.1888, 800 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 1695.104, 20 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 42.3776, 900 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 1906.992, 30 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 63.5664, 1,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 2118.88, 40 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 84.7552, 10,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 21188.8, 50 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 105.944, 100,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 211888.0003, 60 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 127.1328, 1,000,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 2118880.0033. Flights from San Francisco to Mammoth Lakes: SFO to MMH Flights How a top-ranked engineering school reimagined CS curriculum (Ep. 50 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 105.944. How many Standard cu-ft in gas per hour are in 1 Liter per minute? KylesConverter.com is not responsible for any inaccurate data provided. 10,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 21188.8. Plasma Gas Flow Unit Conversion Calculators - Gordon England Flowmeter/totalizers display both the flow rate and the cumulative flow volume. the unit converter.Note you can turn off most ads here: Having trouble with a unit conversion? Converting Liter per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour value in the flow rate units scale. Acrylic Variable Area Flow Meters For Air or Water| Omega Convert L/min to SCFH at 59F | Liter per minute to Standard cu-ft in 3. work with flow rate's values and properties. /hr) Filed under: Main menu flow menu Liters per minute conversion. Please attribute www.kylesconverter.com when using the work, thank you! What does "up to" mean in "is first up to launch"? https://www.convertunits.com/contact/remove-some-ads.php. Please share if you found this tool useful: Are there any canonical examples of the Prime Directive being broken that aren't shown on screen? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. : 1 Cubic Meter per Hour: The correction factors listed below are TOGGLE : from Liters per hour into Standard cu-ft in gas per hour in the other way around. Convert L/min to cu ft/h | Liter per minute to cubic feet per hour Thanks for contributing an answer to Engineering Stack Exchange! Step 1: ConvertCustomer Gas Flow Rateunit of measure to a standard unit of measure for air flow, Converted Gas Flow Rate ________________ SCFM / SCCM, Step 2: CalculateGas Correction Factorfrom given values. This is called Standard Flow.. Flowmeters | McMaster-Carr Step 4: Calculate the maximum or minimum flow rate for the customers conditions. Convert cubic feet per hour to liters per minute | flow conversion Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Convert SCFH at 59F to L/min | Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per minute flow rate units conversion Amount: 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) of gas flow Equals: 0.47 Liters per minute (L/min) in flow rate Converting Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per minute value in the flow rate units scale. In stock. How to combine several legends in one frame? The volume flow rate of a fluid is defined as the volume of fluid that passes through a given cross-sectional area per unit of time. airflow; standards; unit; Share. dkht_*TKC5:tk?y[uffMx >}nWP-l- :"4CC)IOR@V A0Vp+w1r-w;?p/"-f)2m:X(y):xCYoHSPDp!I>CvK^EK D}wRSnIjvrimx5i0H pEq"sx ARAW3XR@}5fG0k;l}k.D+^. 1 liter per minute (l/min) = 2.12 cubic feet per hour (ft 3 /hr) 1 liter per minute (l/min) = 2.12 cubic feet per hour (ft. 3. Unit Descriptions; 1 Cubic Foot per Hour: Volume flow rate of 1 cubic foot in a period of 3600 seconds. 0000019361 00000 n Second: Liter per hour (L/h) is unit of flow rate. The most important thing is to know which standard we are referencing. However, there are different standards: In Europe, the Standard is defined at 20C. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. Convert L/min to SCFM at 59F | Liter per minute to Standard cu-ft in MathJax reference. How do I convert cubic metres/feet per minute to a pounds per hour flow rate? Flow Conversion from to input FEATURES: Easy-to-Read English or Metric Scales. Follow edited Dec 1, 2022 at 7:22. The flow rate converter from L/min ( Liters per minute ) measure to SCFH at 59F ( Standard cu-ft in gas per hour ) equivalent. if you find any missing units or errors. 0000000016 00000 n The link will appear on your page as: on the web units converter from cubic foot per hour (ft3/hr) to liters per minute (l/min), Online cubic feet per hour to liters per minute conversion calculator | convert-to.com units converters 2023 | Privacy Policy. Contact | endstream endobj 338 0 obj <>/Metadata 11 0 R/OpenAction 339 0 R/Outlines 1 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 10 0 R/StructTreeRoot 13 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 339 0 obj <> endobj 340 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 341 0 obj <> endobj 342 0 obj <> endobj 343 0 obj <> endobj 344 0 obj [/ICCBased 354 0 R] endobj 345 0 obj [/Indexed 356 0 R 255 357 0 R] endobj 346 0 obj <>stream To link to this flow rate Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per minute online converter simply cut and paste the following. Privacy policy | Terms of Use & Disclaimer | Contact | Advertise | Site map 2021 www.traditionaloven.com, from Standard cu-ft in gas per hour into Liters per minute, Standard cu-ft in gas per hour into Liters per minute, flow rate from Liter per minute (L/min) to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour (SCFH at 59F). Use MathJax to format equations. Second: Liter per minute (L/min) is unit of flow rate. 3. work with flow rate's values and properties. Step 1: ConvertCustomer Gas Flow Rateunit of measure to a standard unit of measure for air flow (SCFM or SCCM). While this flow calculator will size your flowmeter for most liquids and gases in the more common flow unit dimensions, it is designedfor flow estimation and comparison purposes only. 0000004288 00000 n It is the EQUAL gas flow value of 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour but in the Liters per hour flow rate unit alternative. Plasma Gas Flow Correction Calculators. Second: Standard cubic feet of gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) is unit of gas flow. Converting Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per hour value in the flow rate units scale. Contact Info [email protected] (952) 933-2559 1401 7th Street South Hopkins, MN 55343-7868 Water Ranges from 4 CCM to 20 GPM, Air Ranges from 40 CCM to 4000 LPM. I've done my best to build this site for you- Please send feedback to let me know how you enjoyed visiting. 0000011062 00000 n twitter Select the "from" unit in the left column and follow the row until the "to" unit column. For example, to convert 10 cubic feet per minute to liters per minute, multiply 10 by 28.316846999, that makes 283.16846999 L/min is 10 cfm. Metco or Sulzer Metco equipment appear to use either SCFH (70 F @ 1 atm) or SLPM or NLPM (both 0 C @ 1atm) I don't know what the other thermal spray equipment manufacturers use for standards of calibration, but it appears . For a whole set of multiple units for volume and mass flow on one page, try the Multi-Unit converter tool which has built in all flowing rate unit-variations. The Standard cu-ft in gas per hour unit number 2.12 SCFH at 59F converts to 1 L/min, one Liter per minute. Image for illustrative purposes only, actual product may vary. 1 Liter per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per minute = 0.035 SCFM at 59F 2 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per minute = 0.071 SCFM at 59F 3 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per minute = 0.11 SCFM at 59F 4 Liters per minute to Standard cu-ft in gas per minute = 0.14 SCFM at 59F Customer Liquid Flow Rate ________________, Converted LiquidFlow Rate _________________GPM / CC/MIN, Step 2: Calculate Liquid Correction Factor from given values. conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. Please note that these times refer to the actual flight times, excluding the stopover time in between connecting flights, as this depends on your stopover airport as well as your date (s) of travel. Liters per minute to (cubic feet) per minute Conversion gas at Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP = 20C at 1 atm). Is that correct? (Customer Liquid Flow Rate Scale), Customer Liquid Flow Rate Scale = Catalog Flow Rate LSGCF @ 70 F, Customer Liquid Flow Rate Scale = ____________________, The Company Mission With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this flow rate converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool: 1. in practicing Liters per minute and Standard cu-ft in gas per hour ( L/min vs. SCFH at 59F ) measures exchange. 0000003104 00000 n You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well Hydrogen Conversions Calculator | Hydrogen Tools SCFH at 59F ANSWER: 15 L/min = 31.78 SCFH at 59F, Abbreviation, or prefix, for Liter per minute is: L/min Determine the Water Equivalent Flow Rate, Water Equivalent Flow Rate = Customers Liquid Flow Rate LSGCF Water Equivalent Flow Rate = ______________________, 4. The mass of the gas that flows cannot be directly measured, (while the volume can), so it can be used to estimate the mass rate. Page with flow rate by mass unit pairs exchange. The answer is: 1 SCFH at 59F equals 0.47 L/min. Try doing a 0000020181 00000 n Abbreviation for Liter per minute is: L/min. N != S. "Normal" in Nm implies conditions of 273.15 K (0 C) and 101.325 kPa. gpm = gallons per minute, gpd = gallons per day, cfm = cubic feet per minute Example - Convert from m3/h to Imperial gallons per minute (gpm) Volume flow in m3/h must be multiplied with 3.67 to convert to Imp gpm. Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professionals and students of engineering. date difference or Convert lpm to scfh - Conversion of Measurement Units. This unit-to-unit calculator is based on conversion for one pair of two flow rate units. To convert cubic feet per minute to liters per minute, multiply the cubic feet per minute value by 28.316846999. Variable area flowmeters suitable for liquid service have a capacity rating based on water at 70 Fahrenheit. 0 inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, 1 (cubic feet) per minute = 28.3168466 liters per minute (cubic feet) per minute to Liters per minute Conversion (cubic foot) per minute to liter per minute conversion allow you make a conversion between (cubic foot) per minute and liter per minute easily. 3. work with flow rate's values and properties. Gas Flow Calculator - Xchanger twitter Standard flow, Standard Liters per Minute, (SLPM) Standard Conditions for the calculation of SLPM are defined as: Tn= 0 C, (32 F) Pn= 1.01 bara, (14.72 psia) Note: the definition of SLPM conditions are consistent with the calibration of the CME. USEFUL CONVERSIONS - IA Rugby.com gas at standard conditions (0C at 1 atm). !V Converting LPM to SLPM - Surface Engineering Forum Ph: (714) 891-0008 sales@kicflow.com 12700 Pala Drive Garden Grove, CA 92841, 7100 Series Stainless Steel Tube Flowmeter, 7710 Series Stainless Steel Tube Flowmeter, 7750 Series Stainless Steel Tube Flowmeter, 7510 & 7511 Series Acrylic Tube Flowmeter, 7520 & 7530 Series Acrylic Tube Flowmeter, Inductive Slot Sensor 7710, 7720, 7750 Series, Inductive Ring Sensor & Fiber Optic Sensor, Latching Reed Switch For 7310, 7330, 7470, 7480, 7610, 7910 Series, Multiply by [[(Operating PSIG+14.7)(530)] [(14.7)(Operating F+460)]]. Page with flow rate by mass unit pairs exchange. I'm really confused about these three units commonly used for measuring airflow: I would appreciate if you could help me know how to convert them to each other. 0000001265 00000 n You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. 1 Cubic foot per hour is approximately 0.000 007 865 790 72 cubic meters per second. How many Liters per hour are in 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour? To convert to LPM, multiply by 0.472. It is the EQUAL flow rate value of 1 Liter per minute but in the Standard cu-ft in gas per hour gas flow unit alternative. However, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. A culture that values continuous improvement in our products, services, and personal relationships. 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per hour = 28.32 L/h. Improve this question. symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, To link to this flow rate Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per hour online converter simply cut and paste the following. The flow rate converter from SCFH at 59F ( Standard cu-ft in gas per hour ) measure to L/h ( Liters per hour ) equivalent. 0000013592 00000 n The answer is: 1 L/min equals 2.12 SCFH at 59F. + Add to Project List. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. : 1 Liter per Minute: https://www.convertunits.com/contact/remove-some-ads.php, Error: We couldn't find a conversion between lpm and scfh. QUESTION: 15 L/min = ? 0000020993 00000 n However, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. QUESTION: 15 SCFH at 59F = ? Please enable Javascript to use To learn how we use any data we collect about you see our privacy policy. Conversions may rely on other factors not accounted for or that have been estimated. Find cheap flights from San Francisco to Mammoth Lakes - Kayak 1 cu ft/h 0.00000786579072 m 3 /s. Convert lpm to scfh - Conversion of Measurement Units The following calculators convert plasma gas flow values for the Metco 7M and 3M systems between: Metco Flow Meter Reading (FMR) S.C.F.H (Standard Cubic Feet per Hour) L.P.M (Litres per Minute under same conditions as S.C.F.H) S.L.P.M (Standard Litres per Minute (0 o C) To use the calculators simply enter . Black Glass, Stainless Steel, Tungsten Carbide (Carboloy, Brass or 316 Stainless Steel 1/8" NPT Female Connections, Built-in Needle Valves & Seal Plugs, Yellow Backed Scales in English or Metric Measures, Customer Convertible Panel to Partial or Full In-Line Mounted Configurations, Available With or Without Built-in Low Hysteresis Needle Valves, Simple Dis-assembly and Assembly for Cleaning. 0000019324 00000 n Cubic Feet per Minute to Liters per Minute Conversion Calculators | The link to this tool will appear as: flow rate from Standard cubic feet of gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) to Liters per hour (L/h) conversion. Customer Gas Flow Rate Scale = ______________________. search, The link to this tool will appear as: flow rate from Liter per minute (L/min) to Standard cu-ft in gas per hour (SCFH at 59F) conversion. 100,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 211888.0003. Before using any of the provided tools or data you must check with a competent authority to validate its correctness. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. 1 cu ft/h 0.00000786579072 m 3 /s. In the United States, the Farenheit temperature scale is used so 70F is standard, which is 21.1C. Step 3: Calculate the product of the Air Equivalent Flow Rate from the Customer Gas Flow Rate and the Gas Correction Factor. or posting to the Variable area flowmeters suitable for liquid service have a capacity rating based on water at 70Fahrenheit. The Liters per minute unit number 0.47 L/min converts to 1 SCFH at 59F, one Standard cubic feet of gas per hour. Click Here To Download A Printable Version. Convert SCFH at 59F to L/h | Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Nitrogen Flow Meter - Acrylic, Stainless Fittings - Dakota Instruments 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour to Liters per hour = 28.32 L/h, 2 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 56.63 L/h, 3 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 84.95 L/h, 4 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 113.27 L/h, 5 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 141.58 L/h, 6 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 169.90 L/h, 7 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 198.22 L/h, 8 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 226.53 L/h, 9 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 254.85 L/h, 10 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 283.17 L/h, 11 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 311.49 L/h, 12 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 339.80 L/h, 13 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 368.12 L/h, 14 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 396.44 L/h, 15 Standard cu-ft in gas per hour to Liters per hour = 424.75 L/h, Category: main menu flow rate menu Standard cu-ft in gas per hour. Easy Disassembly and Assembly for Maintenance. More. Exchange reading in cubic feet per hour unit ft3/hr into liters per minute unit l/min as in an equivalent measurement result (two different units but the same identical physical total value, which is also equal to their proportional parts when divided or multiplied). Why did DOS-based Windows require HIMEM.SYS to boot? 60 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 127.1328. 0000001080 00000 n Assuming a cubic international foot. Content on this site produced by www.kylesconverter.com is available under a creative commons license unless otherwise stated. Contact | Why typically people don't use biases in attention mechanism? Unit Conversions | xref Direct Read, Panel Mount Variable Area Flow Meters| Omega The piston will go up and the volume increases to 1.073 liters - exactly 7.3%. How many Liters per minute are in 1 Standard cubic feet of gas per hour? Most of these rates are listed as cubic feet per hour (CFH). metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more! 1,000,000 Liters Per Minute to Cubic Feet Per Hour = 2118880.0033. normal liters per minute (NLPM) standard liters per minute (SLPM) I would appreciate if you could help me know how to convert them to each other. Step 2: CalculateGas Correction Factorfrom given values. TOGGLE : from Standard cu-ft in gas per hour into Liters per minute in the other way around. Step 1: Convert Customer Liquid Flow Rate unit of measure to astandard unit of measure for water flow. Why is it shorter than a normal address? King Instrument Company does not guarantee the accuracy of this calculator withoutthe verification of Customer Service or Sales and is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or misrepresentations. Flowmeters measure the rate of flow for a liquid or a gas. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Average price round-trip. Lead Time (If not in stock): 8 weeks. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. %PDF-1.3 % 2. for conversion factors between unit pairs. airflow - Converting flow rate from normal/standard liters per minute